Roof at home Metal frame. Roof frame with your own hands

The construction of the roof is an important stage of the entire construction of the house. That is why the device frame of the upper part of the building is given special attention. To build roof frame with your own, you need certain knowledge and experience. Then it will be discussed how to make a roof frame.

Depending on the species of roofing design, the roof frame has several types:

Slinged frame design, the basis of which are wooden elements. It is applied in private construction to build pitched roofs.
Metal carcass. It is made of profile metal beams and is used mainly in industrial construction.
Concrete frame. It uses concrete slabs that create a gentle roof mainly in high-altitude houses.

Before starting the construction of a frame structure of the building, it is necessary to determine the choice of one of the above types and the framework of the rafter system in which the bearing capacity is fully transmitted to farms. For the device of the rafter farm, a timber bar is used, which in the section should be a minimum size of 15.0 × 5.0 cm. After fastening the rafter to the building and the roofing system of the crates is fixed to the frame.

The rafter design is divided into a sleeve and hanging. It is chosen depending on the design features of the building. Both types of rafters are used in the construction of private houses and are distinguished by the fact that when hanging system, the main beams are based on Maurylalat, which is shut-off on the perimeter of the building and is attached to the surface of the bearing walls to the top row of masonry. In the practice, Mauerlat is a timber bar, which has a cross section of 10.0 × 10.0 cm. Stropile legs from the upper side of the farm are fixed with each other with a skate bar. The urban design in the upper part is not attached by the rafters of interference. Such a wooden frame is made in another way.

Under the farm management system, at the top of its design, rest on the longitudinal central wall or specially provided columns for supports.

When choosing a type of rafter design, the overall dimensions of the structure are of great importance.

Note! Hanging rafters are used in the construction of roofs for houses, the distance between the external carrot walls of which does not exceed 6.0 m. If the span is larger than this value and there is a longitudinal central wall with supporting characteristics or support columns, then a spat stringed skeleton is used. In this case, an increased load on the weight of the roof material will be affected.

It is necessary to know that Mauerlat is a basic support for a frame design and roof roofing material. The Mauerlat's task is to take loads from the entire roof design and their uniform distribution on the bearing walls of the building.

Thanks to this constructive element, the durability is increasing not only the roof, but also the whole building as a whole. If this tier did not apply from the bar, the vertical loads from the roof would act with the destructive power on the bearing walls at individual points. In fact, Mauerlat performs the main support and protective function in the entire frame design of the facilities. Such a support is not needed only when building houses from wood, in which the top of the walls ends with laying of bars or logs. This important structural element should be installed when the roof skeleton device so that the inner surfaces of it and the bearing walls are in the same plane. This will make the internal finish of the house more comfortable.
From the side of Mauerlat, you need to burn brick masonry so that the wood material is not exposed to nature phenomena. Walls laid out of blocks or bricks should be aligned at the top point with a concrete tie. It, in turn, should be covered with a regularoid in several layers. Instead of this material, you can apply a preheated bitumen. The insulation material is used to protect Mauerlat from moisture that could be transmitted to it from the walls. The oversuet of moisture is destructive effect on wooden Material and reduces its durability.
The most practical and reliable method for fixing Mauerlat to the walls of the building is the use of metal studs that fasten the surfaces of both elements firmly. In bricks or blocks, the holes are performed. Finished metal studs that are made of steel reinforcement are inserted into the drilled holes. Then the bar for a support is applied to fitting the hairpins, marks are made and holes are also made in Mauerlate.

Note! When installing, attention should be paid to the length of the trunks. They must speak from the body of the support bar for a distance from 1.5 cm. At the ends of metal parts, a thread must be cut, which is eventually used for the final fixation of the Maurolalate using the washers big diameter and nuts. As an alternative to this mount, you can apply welding.

Installation of a rafter carcass

At the next stage of work, the framework of the skeleton structure of the roof is set. Before mounting the rafter farms, you need to purchase dry wooden elements so that they for subsequent time are not deformed and did not breed.

When building a farm design should include rafting legs in the amount of 2 pieces and screed for connecting the first in the lower part of them. Screeds are fixed to the rafter feet with anchor items and bolts. The rafter farms in the required quantity are attached to Mauerlat and are fixed with simple technologies. They are to do in the support bar of the required amount of cuts of the right form. In these grooves with simple manipulations, rafters are installed. The distance between the structures of the farms depends on the exact dimensions of the roof, which are repelled from the size of the house. In practice, rafters should be from each other at a distance of 1 m. It is necessary to take into account that in some roof frames rafters are used with a vertical direction. Such structural elements are used for high roofs with a vertical size of 3 m and more.
The making wooden system perfectly binds the structural elements of the frame. But before it has not yet been established, it is necessary to ensure the stability of the rafting farms. To this end, the construction of the skating type is foreseen at the top of the design. From the bottom side, a temporary strapping is organized, which is removed after mounting the slats or shell boards. As can be seen, the lamp plays an important role not only for the device of the roofing material, but also for reliable ligaments of all constructive elementsWhen the roof frame is done with your own hands.
The system of the crate can be divided into its own way to intermediate and solid. The choice of the type of crate depends on which roofing the roof will be covered. The intermediate doret is used if the roof is overlapped with dense sheet materials. In this case, there must be a certain distance between the planks.
If the roof of the roof is foreseen soft or it is rolled into rolls, then a solid doomer is applied. Only on such a surface can be qualitatively to lay this type of roofing material, and only in this way you can provide long operation of the roof. The soft tile will feel good on a solid crate. If this material is to lay on the intermediate system, then it will hang and poorly operated.

For example, for galvanized sheet, metal tile or slate is well suited for an intermediate type. But since these materials require fastening in certain places, the slats of the crates must be mounted with a certain step. Therefore, it is necessary to make preliminary calculations for the correct construction of the roof frame.

Note! Any wood materials are exposed to fungus and insects, besides, they are burning. To protect the wooden material from pests, bars and boards need to be protected by antiseptic impregnations. So that the tree loses the ability to burn, it needs to be treated with antipirens. Treatment of all wooden elements should be carried out before the start of installation work. This will increase the durability of the wooden roof frame.

In industrial construction, as well as during the construction of apartment high-altitude buildings, the roof frames are not made of wooden elements. The rafting systems are performed in them from the profile metal. Easy metal carcass The roofs, which consists of steel of a different profile with thin walls, is distinguished by reliability and long service life. If we compare metal rafters and wooden, then the first have a number of advantages.

Metal elements, unlike wooden, are not susceptible to burning. In the case of roof fire, metal structures are able to withstand high temperature for a long time and do not allow the roof to collapse.
When applying metal rafters, there is no need for the processing of structural elements by antiseptics and antipirens.
Since the design is not infected with insects and fungus, as well as the surface of the elements is covered with zinc, which prevents corrosion, such a roof can be operated for about 100 years.
Metal rafters can be mounted under all weather conditions.
It should be noted ease in the setting of the rafter. For mounting, you need a minimum of tools.
Since the design has a small mass, it does not have large loads on the carrying walls of the structure.

Since large loads are not scared with metal rafters, any roofing material can be used as the roof overlap.

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Video

In this roller we are talking On the mounting of the rafal roof system.

If with the construction of the frame and walls wooden house There are no problems, then for the construction of the roof, as a rule, a number of issues appear. They relate to both the selection of the type of the rafter system and the device itself and fixing its main elements. The roof frame is one of the main parts of the frame house, as the main load from the roof is underway (the rafted is the most important element). The roof is most often done from a wooden bar, it can have a different look, bias and principle of construction.

Choosing a type of roofing system

In order to determine the type of roofing system, it is necessary to take into account the size and features of the building itself. The roof of the frame house primarily depends on the size of the construction and preferences of the owner. If the building will have a width of more than 6 meters, then for the installation of a reliable roof, it is necessary to make internal bearing walls during the fill of the foundation - one or two. The roof can be erected with your own hands.

Hanging slinge system Selects for small buildings. With this type, the rafting legs of the frame house are based on the side walls of the house. As a result, with a large width of the building under the weight of the roof, a very dangerous provisis raftered occurs.

To reduce the risk of sagging, for buildings, 6 meters are wider than 6 meters, at which the roof has an additional focus on the internal bearing walls. As a rule, it is either one wall in the center, or two parallel.

Components of the rafter system and roofing

The rafting system is a skeleton of the roof, on which the safety of residents and the reliability of the whole house depends. It can be erected with her own hands using the following materials:

edged board 50x150 mm
bar 150x150 mm

All wooden elements must be mandatory processed flaky-protein and dried well. The chamber drying wood is best suited (or technical, as it is also called).

The wood of coniferous rocks is ideal, in which resins are present, creating additional protection from coredists.

The rafter system consists of the following elements:

Stropile feet.
Runs.
Racks.

And the structure of the roof frame structure includes another attic overlap, grille and crate. Please note that the room under the roof can be used actually as a attic, and may be arranged as a manorous living room. If there is a non-residential space in the attic, then a 50x150 mm boards will go for the overlap.

If the arrangement of the residential attic is assumed or you plan in the future the premises of the attic in the residential premises (for example, to the office), then for the overlap you need to take a ram 150x150. The bar will be laid in Mauerlat, which will make the overlap very durable.

The lamp is executed, as a rule, also with a bar, but the cross section 40x40 or 50x50 mm is selected. Such thickness is sufficient to withstand any kind of roofing material.

When purchasing any wooden elements, pay attention to the quality. The timber must be smooth, without bending, without dark spots and mold. Even a small curvature of a bar may entail great difficulties in its laying and subsequent work.

When working with a rafter system, you will also need metal studs (in order to attach a timber to Mauerlat) with thread, fasteners (self-tapping screws, diameter 8 and 10mm) for connecting rafted with each other, galvanized nails, brackets and brackets for fastening the rafter feet to Mauerlat.

Beginning of work

Work on the roof starts from the Mauerlat device with their own hands. Mauerlat in frame construction is often replaced with an external strapping bar, that is, a bar connecting all four walls of the house in one design. As a Maurolalate or upper strapping, a timber is used 100x150 or 150x150 mm. Read more about the device of the upper strapping bar.

When these works are performed, you can start and start the device of the rafter system. All work can be performed with their own hands, it is not so difficult, but one or two assistants you still need.

All processing of rafting beams before assembly and installation is made on Earth. It is advisable to choose a flat pad on which it is much easier to trim the timber in the desired size, make drank or grooves, drill mounting holes. When the element is ready, it can be raised to top and start fixing.

Technology hanging system

So, you decided to build a small building with your own hands, for which the hanging system is suitable. In Mauerlat or a bar of the upper strapping, we cut the grooves for the installation of the rafter feet, the distance between which is determined at the stage of selection of the type of the rafter system. The average step is about one meter, or not more than 1.5 m. If the step in the design is larger, the entire system will have obviously insufficient rigidity. If you are planning a residential attic or simply insulated attic, then the distance between the rafters is best to leave, given the dimensions of the insulation. If you pretend one-piece sheets or pairs of insulation sheets between the rafters, then the trimming can not be performed.

Basic principles of installation of the rafter system:

The installation begins with the frontones, that is, the end parts of the roof.
By setting the rafyled on the ends, it is necessary to stretch the rope between their skates, and they focus on the vertical rafted vertical.
Stropile legs must be inserted into the grooves. For fixing, use complex fasteners: the cross offset of the rafter will be limited to the steel bracket, and the longitudinal - brackets that the rafter is fixed to Mauerlat.
The rafters must be played in the perimeter of the building, while the magnitude of this protrusion (it is called the skeleton or the timing of rafters) should be about 40 cm. It is necessary to protect the wall from the root or melt water flowing along the roof.
The departure of the rafter can be done differently: due to building rafters with an additional thinner board - the so-called "lump", which is attached to the rafter with nails through a wooden gasket - a small cut of the board. At the same time, the "mare" makes it easy to make it easier and reduce the design, and if necessary, it is enough to change it enough to change several boards than the sropling timber itself.
The lower parts of the rafter are fixed with the strapping, which is the base for the attic overlap. Brux strapping is based on Mauerlat.

IMPORTANT: If there is a need to increase the rafting legs, we put two bars inserted with an adhesion of at least a meter and fix. Skilles with a diameter of 8 to 12 mm.

To connect rafters with each other, you must use 2 studs inserted into the pre-drilled holes. It is necessary to use a minimum of 2 studs to prevent the rotation of the rafted around the strip axis.

Hanging rafters are necessarily connected by the transverse timber - the tightening - as a result of which the letter "A" is obtained. The tightening uses the board 50x100 or 50x150 mm, which is attached to the rafters with self-draws. The tightening may consist of 3 x 30x100 mm boards, which are placed on both sides of the rafal. The rafting farms in the top are fixed using a longitudinal skate bar or a skunk board. To avoid tightening progress with a significant distance between the rafters, we connect the skiing bar with the tightening with an additional cutting board. It will also strengthen the top rafter node.

Setting the sleeve system

If you decide to make the sling system with your own hands, please note that the carrier inner wall-partition should be strong enough. Before the device, it is necessary to assemble forests in advance, guaranteeing the safety of work at the height.

Initial work is the same as when the device is hanging. Connecting the upper ends of Stropilin can be performed in several ways, however, the fastening of the jack is most often used. On the oncoming rafal legs under the desired angle are made seeds. The rafylans are connected by the resulting ends and nailed for two nails. The compound can be enhanced by a wooden or metal overlay.

The second method of fastening - braziness - is performed using bolts or spills with wide washers and nuts. Rafters with this method will touch the planes.

Important: In the skunk part of the rafter, it is better to connect with a special way: the rafter legs should be located with a gap, and they are fastened with the help of a special mobile connecting element from the metal. It will not give the root damaged when shrinking.

The middle part of the rafter system has a support on the inner wall and carrier pillars.

Regardless of complexity, each building has its own basis, its "skeleton". This is a solid foundation, frame frame and, of course, the roof frame. The durability of the house, the comfort of living in it, the frequency of repair work depends on the strength of the listed components. Consider the installation of a roofing frame, its main characteristics and design scheme. The final result of the work will determine the quality of the construction and reliability of the roof coating.

Frame roofing of a rafter - created from lumber, flawless for pitfalls

Metal roof frame - created from beams, suitable for industrial buildings

Concrete frame - constructed from concrete slabs, used for flat roofing species

The roofs of lumber are most often in the construction of a private house. Popular in creating double roofs. The remaining species do not represent interest for the construction of a residential building. They are not subject to consideration.

Varieties of frame structure rafters

The frame building is closely related to the rafting system. You must select the correct type of the rafter installation. The load of the frame often falls on rafters. For durable load keeping, the rafter system consists of wooden bars with a cross-section of 15 by 5 centimeters. On the bars and the fastening of the frame installation, or the crates.

Slingers are:

Hanging

Current

Both options are used in the construction of a residential building. The difference lies in the ability of hanging rafters to focus on Mauerlat roof. This construction item has appearance Wooden bar attached on a finite row of laying a carrier wall. Its production can be done with their own hands, you will need only a ram with a cross section of 10 centimeters.

The upper edges of the rafter structures are connected by the skate element (the utility rafters do not need upper mounting).

The installation of a frame structure depends on the type of structure of the house, its features should be studied at mandatory. You need to know the gaps of external bearing walls. The gap is more than 600 centimeters to be used in the mounting of the hanging rafting installation. Such cases involves a sling with an elevated bearing wall. Metal columns can be used as a reference system.

The correct installation of the rafter will allow the roof to not save and retain the quality for all the time of its use.

What building materials use for the design of the frame?

Designing the roof frame with their own hands is a very laborious process. It will take:

Wood timber 15 by 5 centimeters to create rafter structures
Wood timber timber 10 centimeters for Mauerlat
Wooden planks for crate
Additional fasteners (self-tapping screws, bolts)

Auxiliary electrical appliances will be useful - drill, screwdriver, hammer, saw, measuring roulette, chopper, plumb. Special building materials will not be required, which simplifies the process of preparation of the frame of the frame. The main thing is to choose high-quality, dense, without the slightest damage to wood. If possible, it is better not to save on quality. Durable wood will provide a long service life of the roofing system.

Acquired picosry need to soak protective liquid meanseliminating the premature maidening of the tree, the destruction of the structure from insects and additional moisture.

Arrangement of rafted under the roof frame

For independent installation The rafter needs to harvest the materials of the dry structure in avoidance of damage during construction. The rafting installation consists of two legs and low-base strongest to them. It connects with legs due to bolts, anchor parts. The rafter installation is attached to the support bar. This kind of fastening implies a set of following actions:

Make a few slots of a certain size in Mauerlate for connecting rafters
Calculate the distance between the rafters - from one meter
If the roof exceeds three meters high, vertical rafters are used

Wooden doom is a win-win option for the roof roof. The drybet should be installed only on the solid construction of the solo system. The rafters are attached to each other with the upper edges of the skating element, the bottom edges are fastened with the strapping that serves only the temporary detail. During the construction of the crate, the step of its skulls, attachment for self-tapping and screws is taken into account. The shadow step is determined by the bias of the roof and its building material.

The rafter installation has two design options:

solid
intermediate

The choice of option depends on the roof material. Sheet, dense coating applied to a rarefied crate. The soft roof requires a solid base (there is a tile, having the ability to save and quickly deteriorate, or rubberoid and the materials like it). Metal tile, professional flooring, slate, galvanized layers are easily used at an intermediate crate. Their wave-like surface allows you to be attached to the base with a rare step. It is important to correctly make the calculation of the gaps of the shells of the crate and firmly fix the roofing material with self-draws.

It is important to note: wooden logs and sawn timber need additional protective processing. It warns moisture, ignition and harmful insects. In order for the frame design to keep firmly, it is worth handling wooden bars with antiseptic solutions and antipiretics (its composition increases the protective qualities of boards under the influence of high temperature). The antiseptic warns against the appearance of insects and pushes moisture.

There are many options for the roof frame and rafting structures. The choice of the final type depends not only on the tastes of the customer, but also from the appointment of the attic space: insulated attic or a cold attic. Based on this, fastening structures and carrier partitions will be installed accordingly.

Advantages of bantal roofs

Easy design and lack of technologically complex components and solutions allows installation without attracting highly qualified builders;
Materials, the strength characteristics of which allow them to use for the roof device, are relatively inexpensive;
The high angle of inclination effectively removes water;
A variety of architectural solutions and design forms in combination with ease of execution will make the house unique and allocate it against the background of neighboring structures.

Of the disadvantages it should be noted the large surface area of \u200b\u200bthe roof, as a result, a rather high sailboat design. In addition, the roof is to avoid unnecessary heat loss, it is necessary to thoroughly inspire.

Types and design of rafting systems

The main point in the design of the pitched roof is the layout and calculation of the structure for the maximum uniform distribution of the weight of the roof and snow load on the bearing walls of the building.

There are two main types of frameworks according to the load transfer method:

The design of the rafter system is two inclined planes. In the classic version, the frontones are side surfaces, are equally chained triangles, but it depends on the designer solution.

Minor changes in the design on the value and the complexity of the root construction practically does not affect.

The main elements of the frame design are:

Rafters (rafter legs);
Mauerlat and Liezhalan - horizontal bars, which are based on rafting legs and a ski beam. If an option with an attic is chosen, then the chungy and the rafter beam is not provided.
Vertical racks and saws - additional supports for rafters considerable length;
The tightening is a horizontal beam on which the racks are based on, the main purpose of the connection of the rafter feet;
The ski bar and runs are bars connecting the rafting legs into one spatial frame. The main task is to give the entire design of spatial stability and rigidity;
The lamp is a small cross section plank, on which the roofing pie is installed.

Calculation of the number of consumables

In order to calculate the roof frame and the amount of materials, it is necessary to draw at least an approximate plan indicating the basic sizes to which all design elements will be oriented.

The calculation is made to determine the following indicators:

It must be remembered that to the exact number of materials should be added from 5-10% (roofing materials) to 10-15% (lumber).

For clarity, we accept introductory values:

Roof width (a) - 5 m;
The length of the roof (B) is 8 m;
Angle at the top of the rafter legs (α) - 120º;
The angles at the base of the rafter legs (β, γ) 30º.

First, it is necessary to determine the optimal height of the roof, the formula has the form: H \u003d ½ × A / (TG α / 2), we substitute the initial values \u200b\u200band we obtain H \u003d 0.5 × 5 / 1.73 \u003d 1.44 m.
Determine the length of the rafter foot. According to the well-known Pythagora theorem, this value is equal to the product of half the width of the house, divided by the SIN of half angle at the top. The formula has the following form: L \u003d ½ × A / (SIN α / 2) \u003d 0.5 × 5 / 0.87 \u003d 2.87 m.
The surface of the skate is calculated by the formula of the rectangle area, the area of \u200b\u200bthe entire roof is equal to two skates: s Skat. \u003d A × L × 2 \u003d 5 × 3.5 × 2 \u003d 35m 2. In this case, it should be remembered that the amount of acquired roofing material must be somewhat larger, as the cutting sheets or rolls for the correct ligation of the elements requires a certain amount of waste. For each type of materials there are its tolerances. Most of the provisions regulate the SNiP II - 26 -76 "Roofs", the actual revision for 2010.
To calculate the number of sawn timber for the rafter feet, take a step between them (M) 1000 mm. The length of the roof in divide on the step of rafted M and add one raftered. K \u003d V / M + 1 \u003d 9 pcs.
Calculation of sawn timber. We accept a step between the layouts of the crate M \u003d 300mm. The calculation is made according to the formula: k \u003d (L / M × b) × 2 \u003d (3.5 / 0.3 × 8) \u003d 187 meters of the route.

We must not forget that the value of the outflow of the cornese swell must be added to the value. Depending on the height of the wall, it is taken in a period of 0.5-0.8 m, respectively, the length of the rafter foot will be in the range of 3.37 ÷ 3.87 m. For the convenience of further calculations, we accept the value of 3.5 m.

To the resulting value, it is necessary to add at least 10% for waste, therefore, it is necessary to purchase 205 m. P. Sawn timber for the crate.

Montage of roof frame

The device of the roof frame is not such a difficult task, the main thing is to comply with the sequence of assembly stages:

Installing Mauerlatov - beams must perform above the outer edge of 400 mm on each side to protect the end wall from the rain;
Installation of layer under intermediate supports - boards with a thickness of 500 mm and a width of 150 mm. It is necessary to make their reliable fastening of the D. Belli to the base with increments of 0.5-1m;
Mounted and attached to temporary damasters. Extreme rafters;
The skiing bar is installed on top;
All median rafters are mounted, in the process of their installation, all additional elements are mounted: dies, racks, runs;
The neck is stuffing on top;
Roofing pie is mounted in accordance with the suitable selected technology of technology.

After careful calculation and accurate installation, there should be too many excessive building materials.

To build a reliable roof, there are quite a lot different materialsBut the most important thing in the construction of this element of the building is still its rafter system.

Almost for each type of roof, there are features in the construction of rafters and other floors, but the construction of construction at this stage already has general provisions And the principles that have not change for many years have been creating that each roof should possess the stock of reliability.

Let's consider the most important types of rafter systems, as well as materials from which they are manufactured. We will describe in detail than one system differs from the other with independent construction of the roof.

What is the roof rafters?

If you say this as briefly as possible, the rafting roof system is the necessary and important element of the building, which consists of a frame with supports on the bearing walls of the structure. This frame must serve in the process of building a reliable basis for all types of materials, such as different kinds insulation, waterproofing layers, as well as roofing materials.

Sizes I. constructive features The roofs and the whole rangel system depend on several factors:

the overall size of the whole building;
proper selection of materials;
the correct and accurate calculation of all future alleged loads;
personal properties relative to the roof shape at the customer himself.
personal preferences regarding the shape of the roof.

All the above factors are very important in order to be correctly selected a rafter system at home.

Each of these factors is definitely important to understand which types of the rafter system will be optimal for a particular situation.

What are the materials for the rafter system

Wooden rafting systems, perhaps, one of the most common, and the tree is one of the most reliable materials. This material is very attractive, as it is fairly easy to install, and at a price it is much cheaper than many others.

A tree acts as the most common material for the arrangement of rafal systems. Often, during the construction of wooden floors, a timber from the trees of pine thorns -150 millimeters is used. But you can also meet the boards with this material, but they usually stitched them.

Pay attention - first of all, this information concerns construction in a private residential sector.

When multi-storey buildings are erected or in the case of construction of buildings of industrial enterprises, then metallic rafting systems are used, as well as other materials.

In order for the rafting roof system from the tree to serve as longer as possible, before installation, they must be specially handled. For this use various compositions, here are the main of them:

Antibacterial compositions - such compositions are aimed at protecting wood from negative processes of rotting if the tree is exposed to water (this may occur if the tree is in roofing condensate);
Fire makers - here everything is clear from the name, they protect the tree from fires.

There are no problems with processing and those and other compositions today, because the market is literally filled with various drugs that successfully protect the rafted wooden.

When processing this composition, it is best to use an ordinary painting brush, since when applying the spraying method, the impregnation of wood may be insufficient.

Metal rafters - what is their advantage?

In the construction of the roofs of industrial buildings, as well as apartment buildings do not use wooden rafters, the most common option will be a solid system from a metal with a technology called - a light steel frame.

This design of thin-walled galvanized metal products for roofs is quite reliable and durable. According to some manufacturers, it can serve over 100 years.

It can be noted and some of its advantages compared to wood. We give only some of them:

The fire safety of this material is such a rafter system of the roof, consists of materials that are not susceptible to burning, therefore, the fire is excluded, if the fire will start, this type of the rafter system will be able to restrain the fire for a time and prevent the roof collapse;
It is not necessary to carry out prophylactic work of fire-fighting compositions or anti-grib.
Long service life - at least 100 years. The fungus, these designs are obsessed, and the anti-corrosion protection serves as a zinc coating;
The ability to install such rafters at any time of the year;
Installation of such metal rafters is sufficiently easy, only a drill and a screwdriver can be used;
Very small loads on the bearing walls of the building, due to the low weight of the structures;
Not bad indicators for the conservation of heat;

Does she need a metal rafting system?

When erecting multi-unit high-rise buildings, metal rafters are a good output. Metal rafters for the roof can withstand heavy loads, and in this case can be used to cover the roof, practically any materials.

But in the construction of private houses, such solutions based on metal structures can be found quite rarely. Still, metal is not such a material that retains warmth well, rather, even on the contrary.

Therefore, when installing such structures, it must be remembered that the heat-preserves in country and private houses when using metal structures will not be very good. But the wooden rafter structures, on the contrary, are very well preserved heat, so rafters of wood are considered more economically beneficial. They significantly reduce energy consumption, and this recently becomes a fairly relevant issue.

Of course, if it is necessary to strengthen the wooden structures with metal elements, it can be done. But it is necessary to make a layer of insulating material between metal and wooden structures so that the negative processes of rotting began in the wood from possible accumulation of condensate.

The solid metal rafter system can also be erected by welding. In this case, no destructive processes will be, since the whole design will consist of a metal, it will not have contact with wooden parts.

When installing metal structures in the roof, it is necessary to warm it. Since metal structures are "cold conductors."

Quite often, metal structures are used for additional supports that are inserted under the ski run. After all, it is this part of the house undergoes maximum loads.

But the main thing from what kind of material it was not made of a rafter design, the main criterion to which it should answer is the reliability of the design. In other words, all elements in the design of the rafter must be fixed as hard as possible.

Therefore, it is not surprising that most of the rafter structures are performed in the form of a triangle, because it is this type of fasteners, and the time of time is considered the most reliable.

Roof and rafal

Depending on the roof form apply different types Slingers, for example:

so-called hanging rafters;
slot rafters;
walp roofs and their rafter system.

Let's look at each of them more carefully.

Hanging type of the rafter system

The easiest view of the rafter structures are hanging rafters. Here are their main features:

The rafters of this type have only two points to which they are based on. These points support are the walls of the house itself.

Repeat on the walls in itself, the rafter legs should not, they must be fixed on a special bar - the so-called Mauerlat. Mauerlat is a thick bar, which, with the help of studs, or other types of fasteners, is fixed on the bearing wall.

This type of construction is able to withstand a large sawing force, and then transmit it to the carrier wall.

In order to compensate for the driving force, make a tightening. It is designed to connect each rafter pair that is downstairs. Most often you can find the design when it is installed in the bottom. In this case, she can still play the role of overlapping all the roof. Of course, no one forbids doing it above, but in this case it is necessary to remember that the effort on this element increases many times.

The tightening is an important element in the hanging rafter system, because it not only restrains the sawing force, but also effectively prevents the legs driving around the rafters.

Slopils

The system of revolving rafters differs from hanging in that this system requires an additional middle wall.

If you consider the structure in more detail, then the following features can be distinguished.

Slot rafters, more precisely their ends, rest on the walls of the house. While the middle part additionally relies on the carrier wall, which is inside the house, or focus on additional supports in the form of columns.

Another difference is that this type of rafter systems works exclusively on bending. But the load, which goes to compression, does not affect them at all, as it goes into the middle additional support.

Thus, for the rafter system of the utility type, all items can be done significantly thinner, and the entire system can be easier. Of course, this can serve as a significant savings of building materials. What can significantly reduce cash costs.

If the roof is erected for the building of a complex design, then the types of rafters can be alternate. In the presence of a middle carrier wall (support), rafters of the utility type are installed, and in the absence of such - hanging.

Rafyled for holm roofing

A special rafter system is required for hip four-sheet roofs. This is explained by the fact that the geometry of this roof is much more complicated, and its rafters are designed to perform different functions.

Consider several basic types of such rafters:

Costed Diagonal rafters serve to connect corners of the house with ends of the bar (skate). They form the edges of the roof under construction. These are the longest and most durable of all rafters, because they account for almost the entire major load.
Private ordinary Central rafters are designed to connect on the sides of the skate bar of the skate bar with Mauerlat. They must be installed strictly parallel to each other.
Corner The rafters (acute people) are much shorter than ordinary rafters. Serve for the connection of Maurolat with the Sound rafters, and not with a skate. The data of the rafter determines the planes of the row of the roof under construction.

The design of the rafter for the holm roof with its some complexity is still, the main thing should ensure the necessary strength of the four-page roof.

Thus, having studied different types of rafting systems, you must correctly choose the design suitable for your home. Successful roof shape and durable reliable sling system will make your new house Not only beautiful and individual, but also safe for life.